|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home | Middle Relievers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| You can show your support by sponsoring this page for $15. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Your ad/message will appear in this space for one year. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thank you for your support! | NLMR Chronology Index | Age 35 & Over Aggregate Chronology | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| National League | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pct. of | Middle Reliever Game Statistics | Middle Reliever Inning Statistics | Win Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year | Rank | WSQ Leader | Tm | Age | WSQ | Total | RA | GF | W | L | Svs | B Svs | Sv% | Innings | Hits | HR | R | ER | BB | SO | SO/WH | ERA | WS | WS/G | ||||||
| 1913 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1914 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1915 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1916 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1917 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1918 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1919 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1920 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1921 | 3 | Slim Sallee | NY | 36 | 5.66 | 22.3% | 37 | 19 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 96.33 | 115 | 7 | 48 | 39 | 14 | 23 | .178 | 3.64 | 5.6 | .151 | ||||||||
| 1922 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1923 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1924 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1925 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1926 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1927 | 3 | Jack Scott | PHI | 35 | 5.20 | 11.2% | 23 | 18 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 55.00 | 82 | 3 | 39 | 34 | 18 | 23 | .230 | 5.56 | 3.8 | .165 | ||||||||
| 1928 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1929 | 4 | Jack Scott | NY | 37 | 3.88 | 10.3% | 24 | 16 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 54.33 | 49 | 6 | 27 | 25 | 22 | 27 | .380 | 4.14 | 3.5 | .146 | ||||||||
| 1930 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1931 | 4 | Jakie May | CHI | 35 | 4.85 | 14.2% | 47 | 23 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 99.67 | 108 | 1 | 38 | 36 | 48 | 35 | .224 | 3.25 | 5.6 | .119 | ||||||||
| 1932 | 6 | Bob Smith | CHI | 37 | 3.87 | 19.7% | 86 | 43 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 168.33 | 190 | 8 | 91 | 77 | 58 | 66 | .266 | 4.12 | 8.6 | .100 | ||||||||
| 1933 | 1 | Bob Smith | CIN/BOS | 38 | 10.18 | 30.6% | 92 | 60 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 208.00 | 211 | 6 | 91 | 70 | 47 | 80 | .310 | 3.03 | 14.8 | .161 | ||||||||
| 1934 | 2 | Charlie Root | CHI | 35 | 8.32 | 30.4% | 128 | 62 | 12 | 6 | 5 | 290.33 | 352 | 21 | 177 | 155 | 95 | 102 | .228 | 4.80 | 13.0 | .102 | ||||||||
| 1935 | 1 | Charlie Root | CHI | 36 | 14.21 | 35.5% | 94 | 66 | 11 | 10 | 4 | 247.00 | 281 | 14 | 148 | 126 | 74 | 93 | .262 | 4.59 | 11.3 | .120 | ||||||||
| 1936 | 5 | Charlie Root | CHI | 37 | 4.56 | 9.6% | 50 | 26 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 91.67 | 105 | 3 | 44 | 41 | 26 | 44 | .336 | 4.03 | 5.3 | .106 | ||||||||
| 1937 | 11 | Jim Lindsey | BRO | 41 | 2.30 | 4.9% | 20 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 38.33 | 43 | 4 | 22 | 15 | 12 | 15 | .273 | 3.52 | 2.4 | .120 | ||||||||
| 1938 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1939 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1940 | 6 | Charlie Root | CHI | 41 | 4.50 | 8.6% | 55 | 23 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 109.00 | 104 | 7 | 39 | 33 | 39 | 39 | .273 | 2.72 | 7.9 | .144 | ||||||||
| 1941 | 12 | Vance Page | CHI | 35 | 1.73 | 10.1% | 49 | 30 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 92.33 | 87 | 8 | 44 | 42 | 44 | 37 | .282 | 4.09 | 3.2 | .065 | ||||||||
| 1942 | 15 | Boom-Boom Beck | PHI | 37 | 0.22 | 6.2% | 25 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48.33 | 61 | 2 | 25 | 23 | 14 | 10 | .133 | 4.28 | 0.6 | .024 | ||||||||
| 1943 | 5 | Johnny Allen | BRO/NY | 37 | 4.93 | 17.5% | 55 | 28 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 106.33 | 101 | 8 | 45 | 32 | 47 | 51 | .345 | 2.71 | 7.7 | .140 | ||||||||
| 1944 | 3 | Paul Derringer | CHI | 37 | 6.03 | 24.8% | 52 | 33 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 140.00 | 151 | 8 | 71 | 61 | 43 | 55 | .284 | 3.92 | 7.8 | .150 | ||||||||
| 1945 | 6 | Hi Vandenburg | CHI | 38 | 1.69 | 17.6% | 51 | 29 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 109.00 | 120 | 10 | 63 | 53 | 30 | 29 | .193 | 4.38 | 1.8 | .035 | ||||||||
| 1946 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1947 | 5 | Si Johnson | BOS | 40 | 6.31 | 16.5% | 98 | 42 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 191.33 | 206 | 17 | 104 | 87 | 53 | 64 | .247 | 4.09 | 11.9 | .121 | ||||||||
| 1948 | 8 | Clyde Shoun | BOS | 36 | 4.74 | 11.7% | 67 | 37 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 136.33 | 153 | 16 | 76 | 68 | 46 | 43 | .216 | 4.49 | 6.5 | .097 | ||||||||
| 1949 | 18 | Rip Sewell | PIT | 42 | 0.23 | 3.4% | 22 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 40.00 | 45 | 6 | 25 | 23 | 23 | 16 | .235 | 5.18 | 0.5 | .023 | ||||||||
| 1950 | 9 | Johnny Vander Meer | CHI | 35 | 4.09 | 10.6% | 54 | 33 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 104.67 | 104 | 7 | 60 | 38 | 61 | 42 | .255 | 3.27 | 5.8 | .107 | ||||||||
| 1951 | 1 | Dutch Leonard | CHI | 42 | 15.32 | 10.9% | 63 | 41 | 13 | 9 | 5 | 117.00 | 95 | 5 | 49 | 39 | 54 | 43 | .289 | 3.00 | 12.2 | .194 | ||||||||
| 1952 | 5 | Ted Wilks | PIT | 36 | 5.57 | 16.7% | 66 | 47 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 108.00 | 102 | 10 | 46 | 42 | 39 | 43 | .305 | 3.50 | 7.2 | .109 | ||||||||
| 1953 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1954 | 6 | Jim Konstanty | PHI | 37 | 6.14 | 5.7% | 32 | 19 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 46.33 | 59 | 7 | 25 | 19 | 12 | 9 | .127 | 3.69 | 5.2 | .163 | ||||||||
| 1955 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1956 | 13 | Jim Konstanty | STL | 39 | 1.36 | 5.1% | 27 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 39.33 | 46 | 4 | 20 | 20 | 6 | 7 | .135 | 4.58 | 1.7 | .063 | ||||||||
| 1957 | 8 | Jim Hearn | PHI | 36 | 5.48 | 4.1% | 32 | 13 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1.000 | 52.67 | 50 | 5 | 22 | 20 | 11 | 37 | .607 | 3.42 | 4.7 | .147 | ||||||
| 1958 | 15 | Jim Hearn | PHI | 37 | 1.14 | 12.9% | 72 | 24 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | .667 | 120.67 | 144 | 13 | 78 | 63 | 56 | 52 | .260 | 4.70 | 3.3 | .046 | ||||||
| Pct. of | Middle Reliever Game Statistics | Middle Reliever Inning Statistics | Win Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year | Rank | WSQ Leader | Tm | Age | WSQ | Total | RA | GF | W | L | Svs | B Svs | Sv% | Innings | Hits | HR | R | ER | BB | SO | SO/WH | ERA | WS | WS/G | ||||||
| 1959 | 11 | Bob Porterfield | PIT/CHI | 35 | 1.14 | 16.4% | 76 | 31 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 3 | .500 | 108.67 | 135 | 12 | 70 | 64 | 45 | 66 | .367 | 5.30 | 3.1 | .041 | ||||||
| 1960 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1961 | 4 | Clem Labine | PIT | 35 | 7.92 | 16.6% | 92 | 44 | 7 | 2 | 10 | 3 | .769 | 143.67 | 152 | 7 | 64 | 55 | 48 | 88 | .440 | 3.45 | 12.5 | .136 | ||||||
| 1962 | 3 | Barney Schultz | CHI | 35 | 8.32 | 6.6% | 51 | 24 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | .556 | 77.67 | 66 | 7 | 36 | 33 | 23 | 58 | .652 | 3.82 | 7.3 | .143 | ||||||
| 1963 | 6 | Barney Schultz | CHI/STL | 36 | 4.99 | 12.6% | 87 | 31 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 7 | .364 | 129.67 | 123 | 17 | 50 | 48 | 36 | 112 | .704 | 3.33 | 8.5 | .098 | ||||||
| 1964 | 2 | Bill Henry | CIN | 36 | 13.86 | 32.5% | 261 | 108 | 13 | 16 | 21 | 17 | .553 | 348.00 | 322 | 34 | 156 | 140 | 122 | 230 | .518 | 3.62 | 23.2 | .089 | ||||||
| 1965 | 10 | Bill Henry | CIN/SF | 37 | 4.50 | 13.5% | 112 | 48 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | .500 | 153.67 | 156 | 16 | 73 | 61 | 45 | 108 | .537 | 3.57 | 9.5 | .085 | ||||||
| 1966 | 12 | Bill Henry | SF | 38 | 1.93 | 1.6% | 35 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | .250 | 22.00 | 15 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 15 | .600 | 2.45 | 2.3 | .066 | ||||||
| 1967 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1968 | 13 | Dick Hall | PHI | 37 | 0.45 | 6.9% | 32 | 18 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | .000 | 46.00 | 53 | 6 | 26 | 25 | 5 | 31 | .534 | 4.89 | 0.8 | .025 | ||||||
| 1969 | 3 | Ted Abernathy | CHI | 36 | 8.75 | 17.1% | 187 | 83 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 8 | .600 | 264.00 | 274 | 29 | 113 | 102 | 96 | 148 | .400 | 3.48 | 19.5 | .104 | ||||||
| 1970 | 17 | Joe Gibbon | PIT | 35 | 0.67 | 3.2% | 41 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | .833 | 41.00 | 44 | 2 | 25 | 22 | 24 | 26 | .382 | 4.83 | 1.2 | .029 | ||||||
| 1971 | 6 | Steve Hamilton | SF | 35 | 4.95 | 13.7% | 137 | 54 | 18 | 8 | 10 | 8 | .556 | 173.00 | 161 | 18 | 93 | 88 | 72 | 149 | .639 | 4.58 | 9.4 | .069 | ||||||
| 1972 | 13 | Don McMahon | SF | 42 | 4.08 | 10.3% | 104 | 58 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 3 | .700 | 125.67 | 121 | 13 | 63 | 56 | 52 | 82 | .474 | 4.01 | 6.3 | .061 | ||||||
| 1973 | 1 | Orlando Pena | STL | 39 | 10.07 | 4.5% | 42 | 16 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 1 | .857 | 62.00 | 60 | 3 | 17 | 15 | 14 | 38 | .514 | 2.18 | 6.9 | .164 | ||||||
| 1974 | 13 | Orlando Pena | STL | 40 | 3.94 | 9.0% | 100 | 54 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | .429 | 123.00 | 134 | 2 | 54 | 44 | 59 | 58 | .301 | 3.22 | 7.8 | .078 | ||||||
| 1975 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1976 | 11 | Ramon Hernandez | PIT/CHI | 35 | 3.51 | 7.1% | 79 | 39 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 5 | .643 | 103.00 | 103 | 8 | 48 | 45 | 43 | 42 | .288 | 3.93 | 6.4 | .081 | ||||||
| 1977 | 4 | Clay Carroll | STL | 36 | 9.84 | 5.1% | 50 | 16 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | .500 | 90.00 | 77 | 8 | 28 | 25 | 24 | 34 | .337 | 2.50 | 8.2 | .164 | ||||||
| 1978 | 3 | Darold Knowles | MON | 36 | 7.89 | 10.3% | 120 | 52 | 10 | 8 | 11 | 6 | .647 | 149.33 | 152 | 10 | 52 | 47 | 62 | 79 | .369 | 2.83 | 13.0 | .108 | ||||||
| 1979 | 0.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1980 | 4 | Stan Bahnsen | MON | 35 | 7.14 | 11.9% | 132 | 50 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 4 | .750 | 179.33 | 163 | 11 | 86 | 71 | 70 | 94 | .403 | 3.56 | 13.1 | .099 | ||||||
| 1981 | 12 | Jim Kaat | STL | 42 | 3.45 | 15.5% | 133 | 55 | 17 | 13 | 10 | 9 | .526 | 167.33 | 180 | 8 | 79 | 71 | 69 | 58 | .233 | 3.82 | 10.8 | .081 | ||||||
| 1982 | 5 | Dick Tidrow | CHI | 35 | 9.34 | 13.8% | 159 | 48 | 16 | 9 | 10 | 8 | .556 | 206.33 | 226 | 14 | 106 | 92 | 63 | 104 | .360 | 4.01 | 10.2 | .064 | ||||||
| 1983 | 16 | Jim Barr | SF | 35 | 3.54 | 9.8% | 86 | 32 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 3 | .400 | 145.33 | 160 | 10 | 68 | 60 | 37 | 76 | .386 | 3.72 | 7.3 | .085 | ||||||
| 1984 | 16 | Bill Campbell | PHI | 35 | 3.98 | 4.3% | 57 | 24 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 4 | .200 | 81.33 | 68 | 2 | 43 | 31 | 35 | 52 | .505 | 3.43 | 4.4 | .077 | ||||||
| 1985 | 2 | Gene Garber | ATL | 37 | 8.51 | 7.5% | 109 | 49 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 3 | .625 | 161.67 | 153 | 13 | 73 | 64 | 46 | 107 | .538 | 3.56 | 11.0 | .101 | ||||||
| 1986 | 2 | Kent Tekulve | PHI | 39 | 14.90 | 8.0% | 118 | 56 | 14 | 8 | 11 | 3 | .786 | 188.00 | 163 | 8 | 67 | 61 | 50 | 101 | .474 | 2.92 | 18.2 | .154 | ||||||
| 1987 | 2 | Kent Tekulve | PHI | 40 | 12.68 | 7.6% | 142 | 54 | 12 | 5 | 8 | 4 | .667 | 157.33 | 143 | 16 | 68 | 56 | 49 | 93 | .484 | 3.20 | 16.7 | .118 | ||||||
| 1988 | 9 | Larry Andersen | HOU | 35 | 6.92 | 14.6% | 189 | 86 | 9 | 14 | 12 | 8 | .600 | 230.67 | 258 | 14 | 107 | 103 | 56 | 147 | .468 | 4.02 | 11.9 | .063 | ||||||
| 1989 | 3 | Larry Andersen | HOU | 36 | 15.34 | 15.0% | 235 | 115 | 11 | 12 | 15 | 8 | .652 | 329.00 | 281 | 15 | 114 | 97 | 116 | 233 | .587 | 2.65 | 28.8 | .123 | ||||||
| 1990 | 1 | Larry Andersen | HOU | 37 | 14.15 | 9.0% | 171 | 74 | 10 | 7 | 16 | 2 | .889 | 227.00 | 199 | 13 | 80 | 70 | 81 | 169 | .604 | 2.78 | 20.4 | .119 | ||||||
| 1991 | 8 | Ted Power | CIN | 36 | 6.30 | 7.6% | 127 | 32 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 4 | .556 | 120.67 | 118 | 9 | 53 | 49 | 42 | 89 | .556 | 3.65 | 8.9 | .070 | ||||||
| 1992 | 8 | Jay Howell | LA | 36 | 8.01 | 6.5% | 162 | 53 | 5 | 10 | 9 | 4 | .692 | 126.00 | 113 | 9 | 39 | 35 | 56 | 83 | .491 | 2.50 | 12.8 | .079 | ||||||
| 1993 | 8 | Steve Bedrosian | ATL | 35 | 8.31 | 6.0% | 167 | 47 | 11 | 7 | 0 | 7 | .000 | 169.67 | 136 | 11 | 49 | 44 | 51 | 137 | .733 | 2.33 | 19.8 | .119 | ||||||
| 1994 | 15 | Roger Mason | PHI/NY | 35 | 3.93 | 6.3% | 93 | 21 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 3 | .250 | 106.00 | 96 | 12 | 49 | 42 | 43 | 76 | .547 | 3.57 | 7.3 | .078 | ||||||
| 1995 | 19 | Greg A. Harris | MON | 39 | 4.54 | 2.0% | 45 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | .000 | 48.33 | 45 | 6 | 18 | 14 | 16 | 47 | .770 | 2.61 | 4.3 | .096 | ||||||
| 1996 | 8 | Rick Honeycutt | STL | 42 | 8.20 | 3.9% | 104 | 29 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | .462 | 91.67 | 91 | 7 | 35 | 35 | 30 | 65 | .537 | 3.44 | 11.0 | .106 | ||||||
| 1997 | 16 | Bob Patterson | CHI | 38 | 6.64 | 3.3% | 126 | 19 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 7 | .222 | 116.67 | 103 | 18 | 56 | 48 | 31 | 118 | .881 | 3.70 | 9.3 | .074 | ||||||
| 1998 | 4 | Dennis Cook | NY | 35 | 11.44 | 10.2% | 304 | 74 | 21 | 16 | 9 | 13 | .409 | 326.33 | 314 | 27 | 144 | 126 | 105 | 251 | .599 | 3.48 | 27.5 | .090 | ||||||
| 1999 | 13 | Dennis Cook | NY | 36 | 8.23 | 6.8% | 254 | 54 | 18 | 10 | 3 | 8 | .273 | 254.67 | 244 | 40 | 130 | 127 | 120 | 220 | .604 | 4.49 | 17.6 | .069 | ||||||
| 2000 | 6 | Greg Swindell | ARI | 35 | 8.75 | 12.6% | 435 | 120 | 33 | 23 | 18 | 16 | .529 | 441.33 | 398 | 53 | 205 | 190 | 208 | 371 | .612 | 3.87 | 40.7 | .094 | ||||||
| 2001 | 6 | Mike Remlinger | ATL | 35 | 10.77 | 12.8% | 435 | 100 | 21 | 23 | 13 | 26 | .333 | 411.67 | 417 | 65 | 199 | 187 | 113 | 356 | .672 | 4.09 | 32.2 | .074 | ||||||
| 2002 | 1 | Chris Hammond | ATL | 36 | 19.67 | 19.7% | 820 | 173 | 55 | 51 | 14 | 33 | .298 | 779.67 | 671 | 73 | 305 | 277 | 295 | 632 | .654 | 3.20 | 72.3 | .088 | ||||||
| 2003 | 2 | Rheal Cormier | PHI | 36 | 20.69 | 17.8% | 713 | 196 | 36 | 35 | 15 | 28 | .349 | 633.00 | 579 | 81 | 280 | 254 | 288 | 503 | .580 | 3.61 | 53.6 | .075 | ||||||
| 2004 | 13 | Giovanni Carrara | LA | 36 | 9.30 | 16.2% | 689 | 142 | 42 | 44 | 9 | 41 | .180 | 696.33 | 667 | 68 | 316 | 287 | 268 | 519 | .555 | 3.71 | 55.8 | .081 | ||||||
| Pct. of | Middle Reliever Game Statistics | Middle Reliever Inning Statistics | Win Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year | Rank | WSQ Leader | Tm | Age | WSQ | Total | RA | GF | W | L | Svs | B Svs | Sv% | Innings | Hits | HR | R | ER | BB | SO | SO/WH | ERA | WS | WS/G | ||||||
| 2005 | 10 | Hector Carrasco | WAS | 35 | 8.40 | 25.3% | 809 | 200 | 55 | 41 | 11 | 34 | .244 | 829.00 | 798 | 83 | 395 | 351 | 310 | 631 | .569 | 3.81 | 55.6 | .069 | ||||||
| 2006 | 13 | Darren Oliver | NY | 35 | 8.28 | 17.7% | 713 | 164 | 21 | 28 | 10 | 25 | .286 | 652.67 | 657 | 68 | 320 | 286 | 257 | 455 | .498 | 3.94 | 47.2 | .066 | ||||||
| 2007 | 11 | Russ Springer | STL | 38 | 8.88 | 13.4% | 495 | 136 | 25 | 16 | 4 | 14 | .222 | 475.00 | 466 | 44 | 229 | 203 | 173 | 355 | .556 | 3.85 | 33.1 | .067 | ||||||
| 2008 | 9 | Doug Brocail | HOU | 41 | 8.33 | 14.4% | 609 | 133 | 34 | 37 | 7 | 20 | .259 | 577.67 | 579 | 52 | 279 | 242 | 248 | 456 | .551 | 3.77 | 44.6 | .073 | ||||||
| 2009 | 4 | Arthur Rhodes | CIN | 39 | 10.10 | 12.9% | 596 | 113 | 26 | 36 | 3 | 21 | .125 | 487.00 | 402 | 55 | 208 | 189 | 227 | 375 | .596 | 3.49 | 40.3 | .068 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2 | Hisanori Takahashi | NY | 35 | 15.14 | 15.0% | 592 | 135 | 30 | 24 | 17 | 12 | .586 | 538.67 | 455 | 47 | 207 | 193 | 193 | 479 | .739 | 3.22 | 53.8 | .091 | ||||||
| Copyright © 2009-10 by Andre Lower | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sources: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All-Time Major League Handbook | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Win Shares Digital Update | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| baseball-reference.com | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||