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| Thank you for your support! | AL LF Chronology Index | Age 25-29 Aggregate Chronology | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| American League | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pos | Pct. of | Left Field Fielding Statistics | Batting Statistics as Left Fielder | Win Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year | Rank | WSQ Leader | Tm | Age | WSQ | Total | Games | PO | Assts | Err | DP | F Pct. | At Bats | Hits | 2B | 3B | HR | Runs | RBI | BB | IBB | SO | HP | SH | SF | SB | CS | GDP | BA | OBA | SA | OPS | RC | B WS | F WS | T WS | BWS/G | FWS/G | TWS/G | |||||||
| 1901 | 10 | Jack J. O'Brien | WAS/CLE | 28 | 2.51 | 9.0% | 91 | 154 | 10 | 14 | 2 | .921 | 364 | 94 | 16 | 4 | 1 | 49 | 35 | 24 | 3 | 7 | 10 | .258 | .309 | .332 | .641 | 46 | 4.2 | 1.2 | 5.4 | .046 | .013 | .059 | ||||||||||||
| 1902 | 2 | Topsy Hartsel | PHI | 27 | 26.63 | 48.5% | 502 | 912 | 67 | 74 | 8 | .930 | 1999 | 592 | 65 | 34 | 11 | 308 | 219 | 199 | 26 | 23 | 127 | .296 | .367 | .379 | .746 | 352 | 60.2 | 11.6 | 71.8 | .120 | .023 | .143 | ||||||||||||
| 1903 | 1 | Patsy Dougherty | BOS | 26 | 34.38 | 46.5% | 494 | 908 | 53 | 52 | 7 | .949 | 1907 | 546 | 69 | 42 | 10 | 317 | 155 | 206 | 13 | 73 | 86 | .286 | .360 | .382 | .742 | 316 | 64.8 | 12.6 | 77.4 | .131 | .026 | .157 | ||||||||||||
| 1904 | 3 | Patsy Dougherty | BOS/NY | 27 | 24.78 | 23.0% | 277 | 400 | 31 | 29 | 6 | .937 | 1090 | 293 | 32 | 24 | 8 | 179 | 47 | 106 | 5 | 18 | 37 | .269 | .336 | .364 | .700 | 151 | 34.8 | 6.6 | 41.4 | .126 | .024 | .149 | ||||||||||||
| 1905 | 2 | George Stone | STL | 27 | 30.30 | 52.5% | 591 | 1111 | 69 | 66 | 18 | .947 | 2287 | 618 | 78 | 32 | 13 | 291 | 165 | 179 | 22 | 38 | 76 | .270 | .329 | .349 | .678 | 300 | 67.2 | 13.0 | 80.2 | .114 | .022 | .136 | ||||||||||||
| 1906 | 1 | George Stone | STL | 28 | 53.34 | 46.9% | 540 | 969 | 60 | 29 | 17 | .973 | 1980 | 535 | 76 | 39 | 8 | 262 | 195 | 188 | 16 | 63 | 110 | .270 | .338 | .360 | .698 | 289 | 62.9 | 15.4 | 78.3 | .116 | .029 | .145 | ||||||||||||
| 1907 | 2 | George Stone | STL | 29 | 30.45 | 30.9% | 316 | 620 | 31 | 24 | 9 | .964 | 1221 | 357 | 25 | 20 | 4 | 189 | 102 | 130 | 11 | 24 | 57 | .292 | .366 | .355 | .721 | 193 | 46.4 | 7.6 | 54.0 | .147 | .024 | .171 | ||||||||||||
| 1908 | 1 | Matty McIntyre | DET | 28 | 39.63 | 49.7% | 553 | 1021 | 66 | 50 | 12 | .956 | 2068 | 543 | 65 | 40 | 7 | 308 | 157 | 225 | 27 | 48 | 102 | .263 | .343 | .343 | .686 | 293 | 74.1 | 13.9 | 88.0 | .134 | .025 | .159 | ||||||||||||
| 1909 | 2 | Clyde Engle | NY | 25 | 22.55 | 57.2% | 638 | 1107 | 81 | 66 | 16 | .947 | 2331 | 611 | 82 | 40 | 8 | 315 | 221 | 208 | 30 | 79 | 92 | .262 | .330 | .342 | .672 | 300 | 65.6 | 17.4 | 83.0 | .103 | .027 | .130 | ||||||||||||
| 1910 | 2 | Bert Daniels | NY | 27 | 17.32 | 25.3% | 278 | 491 | 34 | 23 | 6 | .958 | 1032 | 249 | 39 | 29 | 3 | 150 | 81 | 93 | 22 | 37 | 63 | .241 | .317 | .344 | .661 | 133 | 27.2 | 8.1 | 35.3 | .098 | .029 | .127 | ||||||||||||
| 1911 | 1 | Birdie Cree | NY | 28 | 28.65 | 50.1% | 540 | 1051 | 92 | 68 | 15 | .944 | 2092 | 622 | 110 | 46 | 10 | 317 | 248 | 202 | 22 | 62 | 100 | .297 | .365 | .408 | .773 | 341 | 58.8 | 13.1 | 71.9 | .109 | .024 | .133 | ||||||||||||
| 1912 | 3 | Birdie Cree | NY | 29 | 10.20 | 43.2% | 484 | 1004 | 58 | 54 | 15 | .952 | 1803 | 466 | 81 | 33 | 6 | 248 | 167 | 209 | 29 | 49 | 91 | .258 | .345 | .350 | .695 | 250 | 36.0 | 11.1 | 47.1 | .074 | .023 | .097 | ||||||||||||
| 1913 | 1 | Rube Oldring | PHI | 29 | 21.34 | 60.0% | 657 | 1184 | 84 | 64 | 15 | .952 | 2415 | 670 | 113 | 49 | 11 | 303 | 326 | 194 | 222 | 16 | 92 | 112 | .277 | .335 | .378 | .713 | 323 | 60.7 | 12.7 | 73.4 | .092 | .019 | .112 | |||||||||||
| 1914 | 1 | Tilly Walker | STL | 26 | 35.43 | 60.6% | 685 | 1349 | 105 | 63 | 17 | .958 | 2459 | 669 | 112 | 59 | 12 | 301 | 313 | 289 | 241 | 18 | 88 | 106 | 110 | .272 | .353 | .380 | .733 | 345 | 74.7 | 16.6 | 91.3 | .109 | .024 | .133 | ||||||||||
| 1915 | 1 | Bobby Veach | DET | 27 | 37.21 | 52.2% | 586 | 1070 | 77 | 48 | 11 | .960 | 2130 | 605 | 115 | 41 | 9 | 281 | 320 | 252 | 200 | 22 | 77 | 73 | 61 | .284 | .366 | .389 | .755 | 346 | 72.1 | 14.3 | 86.4 | .123 | .024 | .147 | ||||||||||
| 1916 | 1 | Joe Jackson | CHI | 26 | 36.48 | 61.2% | 706 | 1459 | 87 | 52 | 16 | .967 | 2582 | 738 | 129 | 54 | 14 | 336 | 308 | 232 | 216 | 24 | 110 | 101 | 37 | .286 | .350 | .394 | .744 | 368 | 84.1 | 18.3 | 102.4 | .119 | .026 | .145 | ||||||||||
| 1917 | 1 | Bobby Veach | DET | 29 | 36.41 | 65.8% | 758 | 1587 | 121 | 53 | 29 | .970 | 2810 | 812 | 126 | 59 | 23 | 340 | 348 | 268 | 221 | 30 | 126 | 70 | .289 | .357 | .400 | .757 | 427 | 101.4 | 18.6 | 120.0 | .134 | .025 | .158 | |||||||||||
| 1918 | 3 | Joe Wood | CLE | 28 | 12.08 | 49.2% | 454 | 937 | 68 | 35 | 16 | .966 | 1699 | 446 | 64 | 24 | 4 | 207 | 167 | 179 | 155 | 12 | 67 | 66 | .263 | .337 | .335 | .672 | 197 | 36.5 | 10.6 | 47.1 | .080 | .023 | .104 | |||||||||||
| 1919 | 3 | Joe Jackson | CHI | 29 | 36.82 | 35.0% | 374 | 683 | 43 | 40 | 20 | .948 | 1396 | 432 | 64 | 25 | 15 | 184 | 174 | 149 | 91 | 9 | 47 | 34 | .309 | .380 | .423 | .803 | 224 | 47.8 | 6.7 | 54.5 | .128 | .018 | .146 | |||||||||||
| 1920 | 3 | Babe Ruth | NY | 25 | 20.41 | 31.7% | 379 | 732 | 47 | 30 | 3 | .963 | 1391 | 441 | 69 | 29 | 20 | 248 | 178 | 170 | 116 | 13 | 43 | 42 | 38 | .317 | .396 | .451 | .847 | 252 | 46.4 | 8.0 | 54.4 | .122 | .021 | .144 | ||||||||||
| 1921 | 1 | Babe Ruth | NY | 26 | 68.57 | 43.9% | 531 | 1100 | 61 | 48 | 15 | .960 | 1913 | 615 | 120 | 35 | 63 | 395 | 315 | 283 | 185 | 17 | 40 | 41 | 24 | .321 | .413 | .520 | .933 | 414 | 78.1 | 12.9 | 91.0 | .147 | .024 | .171 | ||||||||||
| 1922 | 2 | Babe Ruth | NY | 27 | 24.62 | 32.9% | 398 | 785 | 55 | 26 | 11 | .970 | 1476 | 448 | 71 | 26 | 34 | 249 | 194 | 167 | 139 | 12 | 45 | 35 | 23 | .304 | .379 | .456 | .835 | 250 | 45.6 | 9.8 | 55.4 | .115 | .025 | .139 | ||||||||||
| 1923 | 1 | Babe Ruth | NY | 28 | 37.97 | 38.9% | 475 | 1018 | 57 | 35 | 4 | .968 | 1841 | 602 | 114 | 30 | 37 | 331 | 271 | 221 | 167 | 15 | 44 | 47 | 42 | .327 | .403 | .482 | .885 | 352 | 65.0 | 13.1 | 78.1 | .137 | .028 | .164 | ||||||||||
| 1924 | 2 | Bibb Falk | CHI | 25 | 22.16 | 39.2% | 475 | 962 | 61 | 38 | 14 | .964 | 1858 | 609 | 115 | 28 | 37 | 315 | 309 | 170 | 125 | 6 | 59 | 40 | 36 | .328 | .386 | .480 | .866 | 335 | 57.8 | 8.6 | 66.4 | .122 | .018 | .140 | ||||||||||
| 1925 | 2 | Al Wingo | DET | 27 | 25.77 | 57.4% | 666 | 1346 | 73 | 65 | 20 | .956 | 2645 | 847 | 155 | 44 | 35 | 431 | 412 | 215 | 152 | 11 | 78 | 35 | 46 | .320 | .374 | .452 | .826 | 437 | 64.2 | 12.6 | 76.8 | .096 | .019 | .115 | ||||||||||
| 1926 | 2 | Bibb Falk | CHI | 27 | 26.14 | 62.4% | 730 | 1507 | 71 | 60 | 17 | .963 | 2785 | 882 | 164 | 37 | 37 | 440 | 439 | 281 | 169 | 17 | 105 | 47 | 49 | .317 | .383 | .442 | .825 | 462 | 81.1 | 14.0 | 95.1 | .111 | .019 | .130 | ||||||||||
| 1927 | 1 | Goose Goslin | WAS | 26 | 31.98 | 45.2% | 513 | 1183 | 42 | 47 | 14 | .963 | 1920 | 633 | 133 | 34 | 33 | 302 | 349 | 163 | 103 | 12 | 67 | 43 | 31 | .330 | .386 | .486 | .872 | 351 | 62.1 | 13.0 | 75.1 | .121 | .025 | .146 | ||||||||||
| 1928 | 1 | Heinie Manush | STL | 26 | 43.45 | 45.7% | 553 | 1163 | 45 | 28 | 9 | .977 | 2131 | 743 | 144 | 50 | 48 | 344 | 387 | 176 | 100 | 9 | 72 | 46 | 18 | .349 | .401 | .531 | .932 | 440 | 86.5 | 13.7 | 100.2 | .156 | .025 | .181 | ||||||||||
| 1929 | 1 | Al Simmons | PHI | 27 | 45.11 | 68.4% | 782 | 1716 | 82 | 68 | 17 | .964 | 3121 | 988 | 186 | 62 | 67 | 496 | 483 | 285 | 208 | 8 | 79 | 55 | 37 | .317 | .375 | .480 | .855 | 561 | 92.0 | 18.7 | 110.7 | .118 | .024 | .142 | ||||||||||
| 1930 | 1 | Al Simmons | PHI | 28 | 48.88 | 58.3% | 711 | 1412 | 56 | 40 | 4 | .973 | 2840 | 929 | 182 | 64 | 102 | 521 | 568 | 200 | 231 | 12 | 76 | 47 | 29 | .327 | .374 | .544 | .918 | 577 | 93.4 | 16.6 | 110.0 | .131 | .023 | .155 | ||||||||||
| 1931 | 1 | Al Simmons | PHI | 29 | 45.90 | 48.7% | 568 | 1115 | 40 | 31 | 9 | .974 | 2305 | 737 | 138 | 41 | 41 | 384 | 332 | 187 | 174 | 13 | 18 | 30 | 26 | .320 | .374 | .469 | .843 | 405 | 66.5 | 13.1 | 79.6 | .117 | .023 | .140 | ||||||||||
| 1932 | 6 | John Stone | DET | 26 | 13.62 | 14.6% | 177 | 344 | 10 | 16 | 1 | .957 | 683 | 186 | 35 | 11 | 14 | 104 | 100 | 60 | 60 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | .272 | .332 | .417 | .749 | 102 | 13.5 | 3.0 | 16.5 | .076 | .017 | .093 | ||||||||||
| 1933 | 3 | Bob Johnson | PHI | 26 | 20.62 | 29.4% | 349 | 655 | 31 | 38 | 9 | .948 | 1284 | 371 | 86 | 16 | 31 | 217 | 188 | 143 | 156 | 4 | 16 | 33 | 20 | .289 | .362 | .453 | .815 | 216 | 32.2 | 5.5 | 37.7 | .092 | .016 | .108 | ||||||||||
| 1934 | 2 | Bob Johnson | PHI | 27 | 23.42 | 38.8% | 455 | 879 | 39 | 33 | 9 | .965 | 1678 | 496 | 75 | 20 | 46 | 263 | 271 | 153 | 176 | 8 | 18 | 22 | 19 | .296 | .357 | .446 | .803 | 260 | 36.8 | 9.6 | 46.4 | .081 | .021 | .102 | ||||||||||
| 1935 | 1 | Joe Vosmik | CLE | 25 | 34.82 | 62.4% | 715 | 1539 | 55 | 54 | 10 | .967 | 2999 | 921 | 177 | 45 | 71 | 466 | 451 | 276 | 217 | 11 | 26 | 33 | 17 | .307 | .368 | .467 | .835 | 504 | 77.7 | 15.2 | 92.9 | .109 | .021 | .130 | ||||||||||
| 1936 | 4 | Bob Johnson | PHI | 29 | 16.03 | 38.4% | 447 | 877 | 39 | 30 | 6 | .968 | 1675 | 487 | 94 | 30 | 37 | 280 | 285 | 244 | 143 | 4 | 14 | 36 | 15 | .291 | .382 | .449 | .831 | 297 | 36.2 | 8.6 | 44.8 | .081 | .019 | .100 | ||||||||||
| 1937 | 4 | Gee Walker | DET | 29 | 13.68 | 42.4% | 478 | 995 | 32 | 39 | 7 | .963 | 1937 | 589 | 124 | 25 | 27 | 292 | 278 | 155 | 184 | 12 | 29 | 35 | 22 | .304 | .359 | .436 | .795 | 294 | 36.0 | 8.4 | 44.4 | .075 | .018 | .093 | ||||||||||
| 1938 | 2 | Joe Vosmik | BOS | 28 | 21.17 | 36.3% | 426 | 840 | 34 | 26 | 7 | .971 | 1711 | 510 | 96 | 17 | 22 | 297 | 200 | 180 | 138 | 8 | 24 | 15 | 18 | .298 | .368 | .413 | .781 | 268 | 32.3 | 7.8 | 40.1 | .076 | .018 | .094 | ||||||||||
| 1939 | 6 | Joe Vosmik | BOS | 29 | 8.80 | 33.0% | 387 | 807 | 28 | 36 | 5 | .959 | 1506 | 423 | 81 | 23 | 31 | 248 | 227 | 169 | 126 | 7 | 35 | 8 | 10 | 51 | .281 | .356 | .427 | .783 | 228 | 27.5 | 6.8 | 34.3 | .071 | .018 | .089 | |||||||||
| 1940 | 1 | Hank Greenberg | DET | 29 | 36.43 | 22.9% | 263 | 537 | 21 | 23 | 2 | .960 | 1014 | 296 | 70 | 13 | 59 | 197 | 216 | 146 | 160 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 7 | 18 | .292 | .382 | .561 | .943 | 213 | 36.1 | 5.9 | 42.0 | .137 | .022 | .160 | |||||||||
| 1941 | 3 | Roy Cullenbine | STL | 27 | 18.48 | 29.8% | 355 | 727 | 37 | 24 | 6 | .970 | 1335 | 380 | 68 | 20 | 19 | 191 | 175 | 168 | 106 | 6 | 17 | 38 | 15 | 14 | .285 | .367 | .408 | .775 | 210 | 32.6 | 6.2 | 38.8 | .092 | .017 | .109 | |||||||||
| 1942 | 2 | Charlie Keller | NY | 25 | 38.33 | 59.5% | 695 | 1471 | 45 | 42 | 9 | .973 | 2676 | 776 | 141 | 46 | 54 | 406 | 344 | 334 | 232 | 6 | 22 | 68 | 24 | 54 | .290 | .370 | .438 | .808 | 457 | 97.9 | 14.3 | 112.2 | .141 | .021 | .161 | |||||||||
| 1943 | 1 | Charlie Keller | NY | 26 | 46.27 | 29.7% | 326 | 735 | 20 | 15 | 2 | .981 | 1213 | 320 | 50 | 20 | 52 | 193 | 189 | 195 | 159 | 1 | 6 | 14 | 16 | 16 | .264 | .366 | .467 | .833 | 210 | 56.8 | 7.0 | 63.8 | .174 | .021 | .196 | |||||||||
| Pos | Pct. of | Left Field Fielding Statistics | Batting Statistics as Left Fielder | Win Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year | Rank | WSQ Leader | Tm | Age | WSQ | Total | Games | PO | Assts | Err | DP | F Pct. | At Bats | Hits | 2B | 3B | HR | Runs | RBI | BB | IBB | SO | HP | SH | SF | SB | CS | GDP | BA | OBA | SA | OPS | RC | B WS | F WS | T WS | BWS/G | FWS/G | TWS/G | |||||||
| 1944 | 3 | Al Zarilla | STL | 25 | 16.09 | 40.4% | 478 | 1052 | 30 | 29 | 4 | .974 | 1806 | 499 | 72 | 21 | 20 | 231 | 221 | 144 | 150 | 15 | 39 | 49 | 22 | 32 | .276 | .335 | .373 | .708 | 236 | 43.9 | 10.3 | 54.2 | .092 | .022 | .113 | |||||||||
| 1945 | 6 | George Case | WAS | 29 | 15.01 | 25.0% | 285 | 628 | 32 | 12 | 5 | .982 | 1030 | 268 | 46 | 12 | 19 | 124 | 109 | 118 | 116 | 3 | 17 | 23 | 17 | 16 | .260 | .338 | .383 | .721 | 137 | 27.4 | 8.3 | 35.7 | .096 | .029 | .125 | |||||||||
| 1946 | 1 | Ted Williams | BOS | 27 | 75.47 | 50.3% | 578 | 1223 | 35 | 37 | 8 | .971 | 2090 | 587 | 100 | 36 | 86 | 373 | 344 | 383 | 300 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 19 | 37 | .281 | .395 | .487 | .882 | 409 | 92.8 | 12.7 | 105.5 | .161 | .022 | .183 | |||||||||
| 1947 | 1 | Ted Williams | BOS | 28 | 64.14 | 43.2% | 539 | 1128 | 38 | 36 | 7 | .970 | 1976 | 570 | 93 | 30 | 53 | 311 | 268 | 328 | 210 | 5 | 14 | 13 | 21 | 32 | .288 | .391 | .446 | .837 | 350 | 73.5 | 9.9 | 83.4 | .136 | .018 | .155 | |||||||||
| 1948 | 1 | Ted Williams | BOS | 29 | 59.90 | 66.2% | 815 | 1759 | 55 | 55 | 16 | .971 | 3122 | 908 | 160 | 41 | 76 | 461 | 487 | 406 | 359 | 17 | 21 | 43 | 35 | 61 | .291 | .375 | .441 | .816 | 534 | 90.0 | 17.0 | 107.0 | .110 | .021 | .131 | |||||||||
| 1949 | 2 | Elmer Valo | PHI | 28 | 26.30 | 56.6% | 688 | 1499 | 48 | 21 | 7 | .987 | 2583 | 730 | 102 | 57 | 35 | 371 | 336 | 347 | 210 | 5 | 27 | 36 | 27 | 53 | .283 | .369 | .407 | .776 | 404 | 69.1 | 16.3 | 85.4 | .100 | .024 | .124 | |||||||||
| 1950 | 1 | Hoot Evers | DET | 29 | 30.20 | 70.8% | 875 | 1878 | 65 | 39 | 14 | .980 | 3372 | 999 | 157 | 45 | 95 | 534 | 494 | 383 | 350 | 19 | 33 | 32 | 33 | 79 | .296 | .371 | .454 | .825 | 558 | 88.5 | 18.2 | 106.7 | .101 | .021 | .122 | |||||||||
| 1951 | 2 | Gus Zernial | CHI/PHI | 28 | 20.13 | 65.3% | 799 | 1744 | 58 | 43 | 6 | .977 | 2997 | 846 | 137 | 38 | 96 | 452 | 478 | 310 | 328 | 17 | 25 | 33 | 26 | 61 | .282 | .353 | .449 | .802 | 483 | 88.4 | 16.6 | 105.0 | .111 | .021 | .131 | |||||||||
| 1952 | 2 | Gene Woodling | NY | 29 | 24.57 | 53.4% | 633 | 1300 | 44 | 33 | 9 | .976 | 2270 | 606 | 83 | 25 | 74 | 309 | 329 | 291 | 290 | 13 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 55 | .267 | .354 | .423 | .777 | 337 | 65.7 | 11.7 | 77.4 | .104 | .018 | .122 | |||||||||
| 1953 | 7 | Bob Nieman | DET | 26 | 8.61 | 14.0% | 188 | 338 | 11 | 8 | 1 | .978 | 659 | 179 | 33 | 6 | 21 | 95 | 84 | 91 | 103 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 8 | 13 | .272 | .361 | .436 | .797 | 100 | 17.4 | 2.1 | 19.5 | .093 | .011 | .104 | |||||||||
| 1954 | 3 | Al Smith | CLE | 26 | 18.19 | 47.7% | 581 | 1163 | 36 | 23 | 2 | .981 | 1988 | 493 | 100 | 20 | 57 | 276 | 273 | 254 | 17 | 253 | 9 | 16 | 21 | 15 | 26 | 52 | .248 | .333 | .404 | .737 | 265 | 48.0 | 10.5 | 58.5 | .083 | .018 | .101 | |||||||
| 1955 | 3 | Roy Sievers | WAS | 28 | 20.67 | 29.9% | 421 | 748 | 18 | 12 | 2 | .985 | 1296 | 334 | 53 | 17 | 51 | 174 | 231 | 150 | 10 | 160 | 8 | 5 | 15 | 2 | 5 | 37 | .258 | .335 | .443 | .778 | 193 | 34.9 | 5.8 | 40.7 | .083 | .014 | .097 | |||||||
| 1956 | 3 | Bob Nieman | BAL | 29 | 30.78 | 40.2% | 490 | 896 | 29 | 15 | 6 | .984 | 1621 | 462 | 62 | 14 | 60 | 262 | 241 | 283 | 18 | 228 | 7 | 6 | 15 | 3 | 9 | 33 | .285 | .390 | .452 | .842 | 296 | 62.3 | 8.5 | 70.8 | .127 | .017 | .144 | |||||||
| 1957 | 12 | Elston Howard | NY | 28 | 1.56 | 8.9% | 138 | 187 | 6 | 3 | 1 | .985 | 348 | 76 | 14 | 4 | 8 | 36 | 35 | 21 | 3 | 47 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 15 | .218 | .263 | .351 | .614 | 26 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 4.8 | .020 | .015 | .035 | |||||||
| 1958 | 12 | Bob Martyn | KC | 27 | 1.04 | 12.4% | 245 | 239 | 8 | 5 | 3 | .980 | 333 | 84 | 17 | 3 | 8 | 31 | 38 | 23 | 2 | 39 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | .252 | .299 | .393 | .692 | 38 | 4.0 | 2.3 | 6.3 | .016 | .009 | .026 | |||||||
| 1959 | 7 | Norm Siebern | NY | 25 | 9.47 | 17.5% | 246 | 359 | 16 | 7 | 2 | .982 | 719 | 206 | 32 | 4 | 20 | 103 | 99 | 64 | 1 | 104 | 5 | 13 | 6 | 12 | 3 | 10 | .287 | .346 | .426 | .772 | 110 | 21.2 | 3.2 | 24.4 | .086 | .013 | .099 | |||||||
| 1960 | 2 | Tito Francona | CLE | 26 | 26.07 | 28.5% | 411 | 690 | 17 | 7 | 1 | .990 | 1161 | 318 | 64 | 10 | 40 | 168 | 160 | 143 | 5 | 160 | 5 | 8 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 23 | .274 | .353 | .450 | .803 | 188 | 35.7 | 6.5 | 42.2 | .087 | .016 | .103 | |||||||
| 1961 | 1 | Rocky Colavito | DET | 27 | 47.73 | 55.9% | 1034 | 1676 | 62 | 47 | 12 | .974 | 3129 | 872 | 136 | 30 | 122 | 480 | 470 | 365 | 8 | 444 | 13 | 27 | 29 | 35 | 13 | 58 | .279 | .354 | .458 | .812 | 533 | 90.8 | 17.6 | 108.4 | .088 | .017 | .105 | |||||||
| 1962 | 1 | Rocky Colavito | DET | 28 | 30.78 | 48.2% | 948 | 1355 | 39 | 36 | 5 | .975 | 2646 | 705 | 121 | 19 | 140 | 374 | 458 | 328 | 22 | 411 | 10 | 14 | 22 | 25 | 18 | 62 | .266 | .347 | .485 | .832 | 445 | 82.6 | 15.3 | 97.9 | .087 | .016 | .103 | |||||||
| 1963 | 2 | Harmon Killebrew | MIN | 27 | 27.68 | 54.3% | 950 | 1454 | 40 | 30 | 4 | .980 | 2910 | 744 | 117 | 12 | 114 | 400 | 383 | 345 | 28 | 462 | 19 | 13 | 29 | 30 | 19 | 56 | .256 | .335 | .422 | .757 | 426 | 87.3 | 14.7 | 102.0 | .092 | .015 | .107 | |||||||
| 1964 | 2 | Harmon Killebrew | MIN | 28 | 27.99 | 42.2% | 762 | 1052 | 23 | 21 | 4 | .981 | 2341 | 631 | 90 | 19 | 115 | 335 | 348 | 247 | 13 | 394 | 34 | 10 | 13 | 27 | 9 | 62 | .270 | .346 | .472 | .818 | 374 | 72.9 | 12.0 | 84.9 | .096 | .016 | .111 | |||||||
| 1965 | 2 | Frank Howard | WAS | 28 | 29.74 | 42.1% | 755 | 1107 | 43 | 20 | 6 | .983 | 2470 | 701 | 124 | 26 | 83 | 341 | 342 | 232 | 22 | 362 | 9 | 12 | 18 | 37 | 19 | 53 | .284 | .345 | .456 | .801 | 386 | 82.5 | 13.2 | 95.7 | .109 | .017 | .127 | |||||||
| 1966 | 1 | Frank Howard | WAS | 29 | 25.01 | 49.4% | 837 | 1330 | 51 | 20 | 12 | .986 | 2761 | 723 | 113 | 28 | 85 | 350 | 330 | 266 | 29 | 422 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 36 | 29 | 60 | .262 | .328 | .415 | .743 | 371 | 72.1 | 16.2 | 88.3 | .086 | .019 | .105 | |||||||
| 1967 | 1 | Carl Yastrzemski | BOS | 27 | 64.56 | 37.8% | 774 | 978 | 36 | 19 | 2 | .982 | 1939 | 499 | 76 | 13 | 71 | 255 | 252 | 217 | 28 | 313 | 14 | 8 | 17 | 24 | 18 | 35 | .257 | .334 | .420 | .754 | 288 | 65.6 | 11.8 | 77.4 | .085 | .015 | .100 | |||||||
| 1968 | 1 | Carl Yastrzemski | BOS | 28 | 54.26 | 50.8% | 852 | 1278 | 44 | 25 | 11 | .981 | 2620 | 688 | 98 | 13 | 100 | 331 | 332 | 286 | 33 | 453 | 34 | 13 | 25 | 37 | 22 | 67 | .263 | .340 | .424 | .764 | 387 | 97.8 | 14.1 | 111.9 | .115 | .017 | .131 | |||||||
| 1969 | 2 | Roy White | NY | 25 | 28.84 | 60.3% | 1235 | 1989 | 89 | 42 | 11 | .980 | 3732 | 988 | 141 | 30 | 111 | 472 | 540 | 443 | 37 | 557 | 29 | 19 | 46 | 60 | 40 | 82 | .265 | .344 | .408 | .752 | 536 | 99.9 | 24.7 | 124.6 | .081 | .020 | .101 | |||||||
| 1970 | 1 | Roy White | NY | 26 | 42.88 | 43.9% | 906 | 1415 | 45 | 29 | 3 | .981 | 3025 | 894 | 136 | 26 | 101 | 425 | 492 | 283 | 38 | 370 | 20 | 10 | 23 | 58 | 32 | 92 | .296 | .357 | .458 | .815 | 481 | 105.5 | 16.4 | 121.9 | .116 | .018 | .135 | |||||||
| 1971 | 1 | Roy White | NY | 27 | 38.70 | 42.7% | 804 | 1319 | 44 | 30 | 8 | .978 | 2734 | 764 | 111 | 18 | 78 | 339 | 363 | 278 | 29 | 380 | 28 | 9 | 36 | 37 | 35 | 66 | .279 | .348 | .419 | .767 | 397 | 82.6 | 13.6 | 96.2 | .103 | .017 | .120 | |||||||
| 1972 | 1 | Joe Rudi | OAK | 25 | 38.44 | 49.5% | 907 | 1461 | 51 | 31 | 6 | .980 | 3078 | 842 | 140 | 21 | 77 | 376 | 361 | 287 | 43 | 364 | 19 | 32 | 23 | 43 | 27 | 89 | .274 | .337 | .408 | .745 | 407 | 96.3 | 14.3 | 110.6 | .106 | .016 | .122 | |||||||
| 1973 | 2 | John Briggs | MIL | 29 | 19.44 | 54.6% | 1053 | 1851 | 59 | 43 | 9 | .978 | 3641 | 962 | 160 | 27 | 94 | 483 | 429 | 344 | 27 | 544 | 17 | 21 | 26 | 64 | 42 | 95 | .264 | .328 | .400 | .728 | 473 | 79.6 | 18.6 | 98.2 | .076 | .018 | .093 | |||||||
| 1974 | 1 | Joe Rudi | OAK | 27 | 21.36 | 52.3% | 1098 | 1849 | 70 | 49 | 8 | .975 | 3583 | 965 | 165 | 21 | 87 | 456 | 423 | 327 | 31 | 543 | 20 | 22 | 21 | 86 | 49 | 66 | .269 | .332 | .400 | .732 | 478 | 89.7 | 16.3 | 106.0 | .082 | .015 | .097 | |||||||
| 1975 | 1 | Don Baylor | BAL | 26 | 25.93 | 50.2% | 1007 | 1781 | 58 | 39 | 13 | .979 | 3265 | 945 | 160 | 27 | 94 | 491 | 422 | 381 | 35 | 417 | 30 | 25 | 32 | 84 | 52 | 79 | .289 | .366 | .441 | .807 | 530 | 106.7 | 18.7 | 125.4 | .106 | .019 | .125 | |||||||
| 1976 | 2 | George Hendrick | CLE | 26 | 17.64 | 58.1% | 1129 | 2226 | 86 | 46 | 13 | .980 | 3892 | 1024 | 148 | 29 | 87 | 498 | 480 | 371 | 32 | 543 | 20 | 41 | 51 | 137 | 67 | 101 | .263 | .326 | .383 | .709 | 488 | 94.5 | 20.6 | 115.1 | .084 | .018 | .102 | |||||||
| 1977 | 1 | Mitchell Page | OAK | 25 | 38.14 | 34.8% | 802 | 1424 | 57 | 44 | 10 | .971 | 2541 | 712 | 120 | 28 | 55 | 339 | 302 | 279 | 19 | 345 | 24 | 33 | 22 | 74 | 34 | 69 | .280 | .354 | .414 | .768 | 383 | 67.1 | 14.7 | 81.8 | .084 | .018 | .102 | |||||||
| 1978 | 1 | Jim Rice | BOS | 25 | 38.67 | 41.1% | 1020 | 1814 | 72 | 58 | 10 | .970 | 3108 | 855 | 145 | 28 | 102 | 439 | 450 | 331 | 26 | 435 | 20 | 31 | 32 | 84 | 49 | 70 | .275 | .345 | .438 | .783 | 480 | 93.7 | 17.1 | 110.8 | .092 | .017 | .109 | |||||||
| 1979 | 1 | Jim Rice | BOS | 26 | 30.57 | 38.7% | 922 | 1643 | 52 | 41 | 6 | .976 | 2882 | 825 | 160 | 24 | 83 | 417 | 386 | 279 | 17 | 359 | 13 | 39 | 32 | 49 | 30 | 64 | .286 | .348 | .445 | .793 | 457 | 74.1 | 14.3 | 88.4 | .080 | .016 | .096 | |||||||
| 1980 | 5 | Al Woods | TOR | 26 | 18.08 | 43.2% | 999 | 1872 | 77 | 36 | 18 | .982 | 3338 | 938 | 167 | 26 | 86 | 454 | 446 | 285 | 20 | 415 | 22 | 24 | 23 | 89 | 43 | 85 | .281 | .339 | .424 | .763 | 478 | 81.5 | 17.1 | 98.6 | .082 | .017 | .099 | |||||||
| 1981 | 2 | Steve Kemp | DET | 26 | 18.94 | 54.9% | 767 | 1617 | 51 | 31 | 5 | .982 | 2706 | 751 | 115 | 22 | 51 | 323 | 297 | 234 | 21 | 336 | 17 | 20 | 27 | 89 | 27 | 74 | .278 | .336 | .393 | .729 | 357 | 67.3 | 18.2 | 85.5 | .088 | .024 | .111 | |||||||
| 1982 | 1 | Willie Wilson | KC | 26 | 29.69 | 54.1% | 1274 | 2457 | 72 | 53 | 12 | .979 | 4380 | 1249 | 186 | 47 | 125 | 627 | 557 | 355 | 31 | 618 | 29 | 23 | 29 | 132 | 44 | 105 | .285 | .341 | .435 | .776 | 644 | 110.7 | 26.1 | 136.8 | .087 | .020 | .107 | |||||||
| 1983 | 3 | Larry Herndon | DET | 29 | 23.14 | 49.2% | 1136 | 2202 | 68 | 61 | 9 | .974 | 3840 | 1078 | 188 | 41 | 127 | 522 | 544 | 285 | 25 | 606 | 25 | 13 | 34 | 117 | 32 | 102 | .281 | .332 | .450 | .782 | 574 | 99.2 | 22.6 | 121.8 | .087 | .020 | .107 | |||||||
| 1984 | 1 | Rickey Henderson | OAK | 25 | 39.98 | 38.2% | 949 | 1789 | 61 | 40 | 10 | .979 | 2862 | 756 | 121 | 14 | 88 | 410 | 355 | 311 | 15 | 447 | 20 | 13 | 27 | 100 | 47 | 55 | .264 | .338 | .408 | .746 | 409 | 74.7 | 16.0 | 90.7 | .079 | .017 | .096 | |||||||
| 1985 | 1 | Phil Bradley | SEA | 26 | 31.31 | 44.8% | 1118 | 1933 | 65 | 50 | 18 | .976 | 3526 | 947 | 179 | 29 | 113 | 512 | 442 | 280 | 14 | 561 | 37 | 22 | 25 | 140 | 44 | 62 | .269 | .327 | .432 | .759 | 512 | 88.3 | 18.6 | 106.9 | .079 | .017 | .096 | |||||||
| 1986 | 3 | George Bell | TOR | 26 | 26.32 | 36.1% | 914 | 1560 | 50 | 38 | 4 | .977 | 2759 | 780 | 148 | 24 | 88 | 416 | 357 | 265 | 12 | 472 | 20 | 14 | 20 | 65 | 36 | 57 | .283 | .348 | .449 | .797 | 437 | 76.1 | 13.5 | 89.6 | .083 | .015 | .098 | |||||||
| Pos | Pct. of | Left Field Fielding Statistics | Batting Statistics as Left Fielder | Win Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year | Rank | WSQ Leader | Tm | Age | WSQ | Total | Games | PO | Assts | Err | DP | F Pct. | At Bats | Hits | 2B | 3B | HR | Runs | RBI | BB | IBB | SO | HP | SH | SF | SB | CS | GDP | BA | OBA | SA | OPS | RC | B WS | F WS | T WS | BWS/G | FWS/G | TWS/G | |||||||
| 1987 | 1 | George Bell | TOR | 27 | 34.86 | 51.6% | 1244 | 2245 | 69 | 50 | 12 | .979 | 4126 | 1119 | 170 | 29 | 185 | 644 | 603 | 420 | 28 | 793 | 33 | 16 | 25 | 141 | 52 | 94 | .271 | .341 | .461 | .802 | 653 | 107.5 | 21.2 | 128.7 | .086 | .017 | .103 | |||||||
| 1988 | 2 | Rickey Henderson | NY | 29 | 38.42 | 50.7% | 1152 | 2192 | 71 | 66 | 18 | .972 | 3895 | 1035 | 189 | 26 | 112 | 561 | 487 | 324 | 29 | 632 | 19 | 32 | 36 | 181 | 45 | 76 | .266 | .322 | .414 | .736 | 536 | 87.4 | 19.6 | 107.0 | .076 | .017 | .093 | |||||||
| 1989 | 3 | George Bell | TOR | 29 | 21.84 | 58.5% | 1311 | 2405 | 70 | 62 | 14 | .976 | 4591 | 1207 | 197 | 28 | 146 | 642 | 668 | 365 | 49 | 806 | 28 | 19 | 49 | 106 | 45 | 114 | .263 | .318 | .413 | .731 | 589 | 105.7 | 22.3 | 128.0 | .081 | .017 | .098 | |||||||
| 1990 | 2 | Ivan Calderon | CHI | 28 | 17.20 | 54.6% | 1379 | 2341 | 89 | 58 | 17 | .977 | 4239 | 1156 | 207 | 27 | 109 | 548 | 517 | 342 | 31 | 665 | 37 | 21 | 44 | 115 | 58 | 108 | .273 | .329 | .411 | .740 | 558 | 95.4 | 24.4 | 119.8 | .069 | .018 | .087 | |||||||
| 1991 | 2 | Greg Vaughn | MIL | 25 | 20.06 | 44.0% | 1065 | 1882 | 55 | 31 | 10 | .984 | 3406 | 918 | 161 | 25 | 83 | 461 | 429 | 308 | 16 | 517 | 23 | 21 | 29 | 109 | 54 | 69 | .270 | .332 | .405 | .737 | 464 | 74.5 | 17.4 | 91.9 | .070 | .016 | .086 | |||||||
| 1992 | 2 | Brady Anderson | BAL | 28 | 35.55 | 51.9% | 1169 | 2262 | 66 | 50 | 14 | .979 | 4003 | 1071 | 168 | 25 | 112 | 543 | 473 | 403 | 30 | 685 | 42 | 43 | 28 | 167 | 81 | 79 | .268 | .339 | .406 | .745 | 566 | 98.7 | 21.5 | 120.2 | .084 | .018 | .103 | |||||||
| 1993 | 3 | Albert Belle | CLE | 26 | 31.24 | 48.8% | 1104 | 2116 | 62 | 31 | 14 | .986 | 3701 | 1013 | 208 | 33 | 94 | 529 | 478 | 438 | 51 | 509 | 29 | 31 | 38 | 133 | 66 | 77 | .274 | .352 | .424 | .776 | 567 | 89.2 | 23.2 | 112.4 | .081 | .021 | .102 | |||||||
| 1994 | 1 | Albert Belle | CLE | 27 | 35.14 | 33.5% | 517 | 941 | 35 | 22 | 6 | .978 | 1785 | 533 | 127 | 12 | 82 | 310 | 288 | 211 | 19 | 347 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 53 | 24 | 37 | .299 | .375 | .521 | .896 | 341 | 51.6 | 9.9 | 61.5 | .100 | .019 | .119 | |||||||
| 1995 | 1 | Albert Belle | CLE | 28 | 44.98 | 29.7% | 625 | 1187 | 42 | 21 | 9 | .983 | 1950 | 544 | 121 | 18 | 87 | 331 | 296 | 208 | 9 | 360 | 21 | 9 | 13 | 57 | 18 | 44 | .279 | .353 | .493 | .846 | 326 | 54.0 | 13.1 | 67.1 | .086 | .021 | .107 | |||||||
| 1996 | 1 | Albert Belle | CLE | 29 | 45.02 | 58.5% | 1400 | 2445 | 81 | 54 | 10 | .979 | 4323 | 1275 | 258 | 26 | 182 | 731 | 715 | 475 | 43 | 779 | 45 | 27 | 47 | 105 | 39 | 95 | .295 | .367 | .493 | .860 | 794 | 112.3 | 23.0 | 135.3 | .080 | .016 | .097 | |||||||
| 1997 | 1 | Rusty Greer | TEX | 28 | 28.13 | 53.5% | 1240 | 2180 | 93 | 51 | 20 | .978 | 4233 | 1168 | 234 | 24 | 143 | 620 | 589 | 425 | 32 | 800 | 32 | 10 | 30 | 60 | 39 | 97 | .276 | .344 | .444 | .788 | 641 | 95.6 | 20.5 | 116.1 | .077 | .017 | .094 | |||||||
| 1998 | 3 | Rusty Greer | TEX | 29 | 20.96 | 43.5% | 947 | 1773 | 52 | 22 | 9 | .988 | 3196 | 871 | 163 | 23 | 86 | 476 | 449 | 361 | 18 | 578 | 25 | 13 | 34 | 56 | 31 | 75 | .273 | .348 | .419 | .767 | 472 | 63.6 | 20.2 | 83.8 | .067 | .021 | .088 | |||||||
| 1999 | 2 | Troy O'Leary | BOS | 29 | 21.76 | 45.3% | 1021 | 1864 | 52 | 28 | 11 | .986 | 3559 | 971 | 168 | 28 | 103 | 540 | 443 | 331 | 18 | 562 | 26 | 9 | 26 | 131 | 38 | 85 | .273 | .337 | .423 | .760 | 515 | 67.7 | 20.6 | 88.3 | .066 | .020 | .086 | |||||||
| 2000 | 1 | Bobby Higginson | DET | 29 | 31.76 | 49.1% | 1160 | 2093 | 70 | 34 | 14 | .985 | 3832 | 1139 | 242 | 32 | 133 | 627 | 546 | 393 | 23 | 624 | 27 | 13 | 30 | 114 | 32 | 70 | .297 | .364 | .481 | .845 | 694 | 104.6 | 22.0 | 126.6 | .090 | .019 | .109 | |||||||
| 2001 | 2 | Shannon Stewart | TOR | 27 | 20.42 | 52.0% | 1205 | 2125 | 59 | 37 | 5 | .983 | 4172 | 1166 | 247 | 22 | 139 | 599 | 552 | 342 | 20 | 724 | 39 | 10 | 17 | 104 | 45 | 93 | .279 | .339 | .449 | .788 | 631 | 86.5 | 22.9 | 109.4 | .072 | .019 | .091 | |||||||
| 2002 | 1 | Jacque Jones | MIN | 27 | 33.00 | 41.6% | 1014 | 1697 | 47 | 22 | 6 | .988 | 3153 | 843 | 164 | 20 | 106 | 475 | 361 | 312 | 10 | 618 | 27 | 21 | 23 | 50 | 25 | 58 | .267 | .336 | .433 | .769 | 474 | 70.7 | 17.7 | 88.4 | .070 | .017 | .087 | |||||||
| 2003 | 3 | Randy Winn | SEA | 29 | 20.90 | 56.1% | 1245 | 2255 | 63 | 43 | 9 | .982 | 4359 | 1252 | 274 | 25 | 152 | 667 | 618 | 330 | 28 | 719 | 46 | 11 | 41 | 77 | 24 | 94 | .287 | .341 | .466 | .807 | 697 | 114.3 | 21.2 | 135.5 | .092 | .017 | .109 | |||||||
| 2004 | 3 | Carlos Lee | CHI | 28 | 26.40 | 40.7% | 906 | 1597 | 50 | 26 | 8 | .984 | 3168 | 882 | 192 | 10 | 120 | 478 | 451 | 259 | 10 | 583 | 34 | 9 | 24 | 46 | 15 | 55 | .278 | .337 | .459 | .796 | 497 | 77.6 | 15.4 | 93.0 | .086 | .017 | .103 | |||||||
| 2005 | 4 | Coco Crisp | CLE | 25 | 17.69 | 42.2% | 965 | 1719 | 47 | 19 | 11 | .989 | 3215 | 888 | 190 | 18 | 88 | 443 | 378 | 247 | 11 | 515 | 30 | 29 | 21 | 91 | 44 | 64 | .276 | .332 | .429 | .761 | 458 | 59.3 | 18.8 | 78.1 | .061 | .019 | .081 | |||||||
| 2006 | 4 | Nick Swisher | OAK | 25 | 17.06 | 32.9% | 812 | 1325 | 52 | 22 | 11 | .984 | 2495 | 670 | 139 | 17 | 96 | 406 | 332 | 236 | 13 | 536 | 41 | 14 | 16 | 32 | 11 | 50 | .269 | .340 | .453 | .793 | 393 | 57.0 | 14.6 | 71.6 | .070 | .018 | .088 | |||||||
| 2007 | 2 | Carl Crawford | TB | 25 | 23.87 | 22.2% | 506 | 946 | 18 | 11 | 5 | .989 | 1569 | 458 | 89 | 13 | 30 | 226 | 200 | 145 | 7 | 341 | 15 | 17 | 11 | 81 | 22 | 25 | .292 | .355 | .423 | .778 | 251 | 37.1 | 9.6 | 46.7 | .073 | .019 | .092 | |||||||
| 2008 | 1 | Carlos Quentin | CHI | 25 | 31.93 | 37.9% | 905 | 1534 | 48 | 30 | 8 | .981 | 2986 | 802 | 158 | 21 | 119 | 450 | 463 | 335 | 11 | 623 | 39 | 6 | 32 | 55 | 22 | 66 | .269 | .347 | .455 | .802 | 489 | 79.7 | 15.9 | 95.6 | .088 | .018 | .106 | |||||||
| 2009 | 3 | Carl Crawford | TB | 27 | 20.42 | 55.8% | 1259 | 2287 | 75 | 33 | 14 | .986 | 4258 | 1160 | 226 | 40 | 142 | 588 | 571 | 428 | 11 | 817 | 50 | 20 | 43 | 130 | 45 | 84 | .272 | .343 | .444 | .787 | 674 | 96.2 | 22.5 | 118.7 | .076 | .018 | .094 | |||||||
| 2010 | 1 | Carl Crawford | TB | 28 | 44.37 | 47.7% | 1071 | 1872 | 61 | 30 | 8 | .985 | 3499 | 1000 | 210 | 36 | 106 | 536 | 483 | 324 | 14 | 708 | 35 | 16 | 25 | 137 | 41 | 58 | .286 | .350 | .457 | .807 | 589 | 103.9 | 19.2 | 123.1 | .097 | .018 | .115 | |||||||
| Copyright © 2009-10 by Andre Lower | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sources: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All-Time Major League Handbook | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Win Shares Digital Update | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| baseball-reference.com | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||